6/17/2023 0 Comments Absolute pitch trainer![]() This more common ability is referred to as relative pitch (RP), which is the ability to label the intervals between pitches. Most musicians do not have AP and instead require an external pitch-class to be presented and maintained in working memory as a reference to compare a subsequent pitch-class in order to label it. AP also demonstrates highly stable category judgments using verbal codes that the general population does not seem to have for isolated sound objects ( Levitin and Rogers, 2005). The phenomenon of AP is of particular interest because it links measurable sensory inputs to neural representations ( Zattore, 2003). This ability to name pitches without a referent is called absolute pitch (AP). A small subset of musicians possesses linguistic tags for decoding pitch-classes into verbal codes or symbols without having to resort to an external reference pitch. Musicians have considerable experience naming pitch-classes with verbal and semiotic tags. However, the strength of musical conditional associations may not exceed that of standard language in speech. ![]() This finding suggests that AP possessors may process alpha-numeric encodings as word forms with a semantic value, unlike their RP possessing counterparts and non-musically trained individuals. Only AP musicians showed significant congruity effects around 450 and 750 ms post-stimulus when stimuli were presented as Germanic keycodes (i.e., C or G). All three modulations were larger in the auditory word Stroop than in the other two versions of the Stroop task. The analyses of event-related potentials revealed three temporally distinct modulations associated with conflict processing. This finding was unexpected and appears inconsistent with the hypothesis that musical training and AP are associated with high strength response level associations between a perceived pitch and verbal label. Analyses of behavioral data revealed small or even non-existent congruency effects in musicians for solfège and keycodes versions of the Stroop task. We hypothesized that musically trained groups would show greater Stroop interference effects when presented with incongruent musical notations than non-musicians. In separate blocks of trials, participants were presented with congruent or incongruent auditory words from English language (standard auditory Stroop), Romanic solemnization, or German key lexicons (the latter two versions require some knowledge of music notation). Here, we examined the strength of this association using auditory versions of the Stroop task while neuro-electric brain activity was measured using high-density electroencephalography. On the one end of the spectrum, musicians can identify the pitch of a piano tone or quality of a chord without a reference tone, which suggests strong associations between the perceived pitch information and verbal labels. Musicians have considerable experience naming pitch-classes with verbal (e.g., Doh, Ré, and Mi) and semiotic tags (e.g., musical notation). 4Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.3Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada.2Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.1Music and Health Research Collaboratory, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.Sharma 1,2, Michael Thaut 1, Frank Russo 1,3 and Claude Alain 1,2,4*
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